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The Simon effect, influenced by egocentric and allocentric reference frames, involves distinct frontoparietal brain regions. This study reveals how the brain processes spatial conflicts across different reference frames.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • The Simon effect arises from conflicts between object position and response side within egocentric (body-centered) or allocentric (object-centered) reference frames.
  • While egocentric Simon effect neural mechanisms are known, allocentric Simon effect mechanisms and their interaction remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms of the allocentric Simon effect and its interaction with the egocentric Simon effect.
  • To identify brain regions involved in processing spatial conflicts across egocentric and allocentric reference frames using fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to study brain activity.
  • Spatial congruency of task-irrelevant egocentric and allocentric target locations with task-relevant responses was orthogonally manipulated.
  • Behavioral data and neural activity were analyzed to understand Simon effect processing.

Main Results:

  • A significant Simon effect was behaviorally confirmed for both egocentric and allocentric reference frames.
  • The right precentral gyrus (including SMA) responded to Simon conflicts regardless of the reference frame.
  • The right postcentral gyrus was specifically activated by allocentric conflicts, while a right lateral frontoparietal network acted as a mismatch detector for egocentric-allocentric discrepancies.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct frontoparietal sub-regions are involved in processing Simon conflicts based on the spatial reference frame.
  • The findings highlight the brain's capacity to differentiate and integrate spatial information from egocentric and allocentric frames, with specific roles for the precentral and postcentral gyri.