Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

2.7K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
2.7K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

1.4K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
1.4K
Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

474
Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares...
474
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

505
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
505
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

1.3K
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
1.3K
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

543
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
543

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Expanding clinical variability in FBXW7-related neurodevelopmental disorder: a multicenter case series.

Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders·2026
Same author

γ-radiation reduces phosphorylated-tau in rhesus macaque brains: potential implications for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2026
Same author

Long-term molecular effects of <sup>16</sup>O-ion exposure in rat brain and implications for space radiation risk.

NPJ microgravity·2026
Same author

Fear-themed digital media exposure and sleep regulatory sensitivity in school-aged children: preliminary observations toward a developmental PhenoSleep construct.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Types and frequencies of adverse events across clinical trials for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an analysis of the Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials (PRO-ACT) database.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration·2026
Same author

Unraveling the link between brain injury and enhanced artistic skills.

Brain and cognition·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.5K

NREM Sleep Instability in Pediatric Migraine Without Aura.

Michele Roccella1, Rosa Marotta2, Francesca Felicia Operto3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Frontiers in Neurology
|September 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Children with migraine without aura experience sleep disturbances, showing reduced sleep duration and altered NREM sleep instability. This study highlights lower arousability and less fragmented sleep in these young patients.

Keywords:
NREM sleep instabilitycyclic alternating pattern (CAP) analysisfull overnight polysomnographymigraine without aura (MoA)sleep macrostructure

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.4K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.5K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.4K
Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Migraine headaches are common in children and often associated with sleep disturbances.
  • Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep instability is a potential factor contributing to sleep issues in pediatric migraine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate NREM sleep instability in school-aged children with migraine without aura (MoA).
  • To compare sleep parameters, including Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) analysis, between children with MoA and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Overnight Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings were performed on 33 children with MoA and controls.
  • Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) analysis was conducted according to international criteria to assess NREM sleep instability.
  • Key sleep parameters such as sleep duration, arousal index, and CAP metrics were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Children with MoA exhibited reduced sleep duration (TIB, SPT, TST) and an increased number of awakenings per hour compared to controls.
  • MoA group showed a reduced CAP rate, particularly in S1 and slow-wave sleep (SWS).
  • Analysis of CAP A phases revealed a decrease in slow-wave components (A1) and an increase in fast components (A2, A3), with longer A1 and A2 durations.

Conclusions:

  • Children with MoA demonstrate lower NREM sleep instability and reduced arousability.
  • Findings suggest a distinct sleep architecture pattern in pediatric migraine without aura, characterized by altered NREM sleep dynamics.