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Host transcriptome and microbiome interaction modulates physiology of full-sibs broilers with divergent feed
Tejas M Shah1, Jignasha G Patel1, Tejas P Gohil1
11Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat India.
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes
|September 26, 2019
Summary
Broiler chicken feed conversion ratio (FCR) varies even in siblings. Host gene expression and gut microbes interact, influencing FCR and potentially improving broiler health.
Area of Science:
- Animal Science
- Microbiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Efficient livestock production, particularly broiler chickens, depends on effective feed conversion into body weight gain (BWG).
- Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is a critical economic trait in broiler production, yet it exhibits variability even among genetically similar individuals.
- Non-genetic factors, including the gut microbiome, are known to influence FCR, but the precise host-microbiome interactions remain incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interplay between host intestinal-hepatic gene expression and intestinal microbiota composition in broiler chickens with divergent FCR.
- To identify specific microbial taxa and host gene transcription patterns associated with variations in feed efficiency.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of full-sib broiler families with divergent FCR, selected from a larger population (300 families).
- Assessment of intestinal microbiota composition and function in broilers with low versus high FCR.
- Transcriptomic analysis of host intestinal-hepatic tissues to examine gene expression profiles.
Main Results:
- Broilers with low FCR exhibited distinct intestinal microbial community structures and functions compared to high FCR siblings, despite similar feed intake.
- Significant associations were found between host gene transcription patterns and the abundance of specific microbial taxa.
- Divergent FCR in broilers was linked to variations in both host gene expression and gut microbial profiles.
Conclusions:
- Complex interactions between host transcriptomes and enteric microbiota significantly modulate feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens.
- These host-microbiome interactions present potential targets for selective modification to enhance intestinal homeostasis and overall broiler health.
- Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing strategies to improve feed efficiency in poultry production.
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