Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exploring the functional properties and utilisation potential of mollusca shell by-products through an interdisciplinary approach.

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

A scoping review protocol on in vivo human plastic exposure and health impacts.

Systematic reviews·2022

Same author

Rh(I)(2,5-norbornadiene)(biphenyl)(<i>tris</i>(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as an Initiator in the Stereoregular (Co)Polymerization of Phenylacetylenes.

ACS macro letters·2022

Same author

Tetrazole as a Carboxylic Acid Isostere and the Synthesis of All Amine-Based Polyampholytes.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2022

Same author

A (2-(naphthalen-2-yl)phenyl)rhodium(i) complex formed by a proposed intramolecular 1,4-ortho-to-ortho' Rh metal-atom migration and its efficacy as an initiator in the controlled stereospecific polymerisation of phenylacetylene.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2019

Same journal

Proton Transfer Shuttle Mediated Dormant-Active Balance for Accelerated and Controlled Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same journal

Chloride-Regulated Depolymerization of Aluminosilicate Networks for Fast Ion Transport Compliant Interfaces in Sustainable All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same journal

Asymmetric Zn─N<sub>2</sub>O-Coordinated Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production and Wastewater Purification.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same journal

Photocatalytic Cascade Nitrogen Fixation for Selective Purification of Methane-Rich Coal-Bed Gas Over a Bimetallic MOF.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same journal

Scalable Art-Inspired Tessellated Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Enable Highly Selective Ion Separation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same journal

Layered Copper-Anthraquinone Coordination Polymer Cathode Leveraging Dual-Redox Sites and Facilitated Ion Diffusion for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

Polymerizations Mediated by Well-Defined Rhodium Complexes.

Nicholas Sheng Loong Tan¹, Andrew B Lowe¹

¹Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces (CIFMI) & School of Molecular and Life Sciences (MLS), Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|September 26, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers Rhodium(I) complexes for polymerization of alkynes, isocyanides, and esters. These catalysts enable controlled synthesis of advanced polymer materials.

Keywords:

arylisocyanides controlled polymerization polyphenylacetylenes rhodium complexes stereoregularity

More Related Videos

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Published on: October 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Published on: October 8, 2016

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Organometallic Chemistry

Background:

Rhodium(I) complexes are effective catalysts for polymerization reactions.
Controlled polymerization of unsaturated monomers is crucial for advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the state-of-the-art in Rh(I)-mediated (co)polymerizations.
To highlight Rh(I) complexes for specific monomer classes.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on Rh(I)-catalyzed polymerizations.
Focus on ethynyl, vinyl, and aryl Rh(I) complexes.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of Rh(I) complexes for phenylacetylene polymerization.
Discussion of Rh(I) species for arylisocyanide and propargyl ester/amide polymerization.

Conclusions:

Rh(I) complexes offer versatile catalytic pathways for polymer synthesis.
Well-defined Rh(I) systems are key to controlling polymer structure and properties.