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Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
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Body side-specific changes in sensorimotor processing of movement feedback in a walking insect.

Joscha Schmitz1, Matthias Gruhn1, Ansgar Büschges1

  • 1Department for Animal Physiology, Institute for Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|September 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Insect leg movement feedback is processed differently on the inside versus outside during turns. This body-side specific processing of femoral chordotonal organ (fCO) feedback influences motor output and leg kinematics during curve stepping.

Keywords:
electrophysiologymotor controlreflexsensorimotorstick insect

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Insect Locomotion

Background:

  • Sensory feedback, particularly from the femoral chordotonal organ (fCO), modulates motor output in insect legs.
  • The fCO encodes joint angle, velocity, and acceleration, influencing reflexes like the active reaction (AR).
  • ARs assist flexion during active movements and can be modulated by sensory input.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of fCO feedback in the differential likelihood of generating ARs during inside versus outside turns in stick insects.
  • To analyze how fCO stimulation affects motor output in the femorotibial (FTi) and adjacent leg joints during curve stepping.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings of motor output to leg joints (FTi, coxa-trochanter, thorax-coxa) in response to fCO stimulation.
  • Analysis of AR probability, timing, and motor neuron activity during simulated inside and outside turns.
  • Systematic variation of stimulus parameters (starting angle, velocity, excursion) to assess their influence on AR generation.

Main Results:

  • AR probability increased with starting angle and decreased with stimulus velocity, independent of total angular excursion.
  • fCO feedback excited levator trochanteris motoneurons in both turn types but protractor coxae motoneurons only during outside turns.
  • The transition from stance to swing activity occurred at a consistent angular excursion, regardless of turning direction.

Conclusions:

  • fCO feedback processing is dependent on the joint and body side, suggesting a body side-specific gain shift.
  • Differential processing of fCO feedback likely underlies the distinct leg kinematics observed during inside and outside turns.
  • Further research is needed to identify the sources of sensory input causing these local changes in sensory-motor processing.