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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
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Microsleep is associated with brain activity patterns unperturbed by auditory inputs.

Zixin Yong1, Joo Huang Tan1, Po-Jang Hsieh2

  • 1Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|September 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain activity during microsleep remains active but stimulus-invariant. Auditory stimuli during drowsiness don't alter broad brain patterns, suggesting structured, unperturbed neurophysiological processes.

Keywords:
MVPAactivation patternarousal fluctuationdrowsymicrosleepstimulus invariant

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Sleep Research

Background:

  • Microsleeps are brief arousal decreases with unclear neural responses to stimuli.
  • Understanding brain activity during microsleep is crucial for sleep and attention research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural responses to auditory stimulation during microsleep using functional MRI.
  • To determine how auditory stimuli influence brain activity patterns during states of reduced arousal.

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent functional MRI (fMRI) scans while performing an auditory stimulation task.
  • Auditory stimuli varied in pitch and amplitude modulation frequency.
  • Brain activity was analyzed during both awake and microsleep states.

Main Results:

  • Microsleep was associated with widespread cortical activation and thalamic deactivation, independent of auditory input.
  • Auditory stimuli elicited distinct patterns in the auditory cortex when awake, but not during microsleep.
  • Brain activity patterns across broad regions during microsleep were invariant to the presence and type of auditory stimulus.

Conclusions:

  • The brain remains highly active during microsleep, but activity patterns are largely unperturbed by external auditory stimuli.
  • While auditory stimuli can activate the auditory cortex during drowsiness, pitch differentiation is lost.
  • Brain activity during microsleep exhibits structured, stimulus-invariant patterns, hinting at underlying neurophysiological processes.