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Risk factors for unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in children

Meherunissa Hamid1, Meredith B Brooks2, Falak Madhani1

  • 1Global Health Directorate, The Indus Health Network, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Plos One
|September 26, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Young children and males with confirmed tuberculosis in Pakistan face higher risks of unsuccessful treatment. Early identification and tailored interventions are crucial for improving pediatric tuberculosis outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Global health
  • Tuberculosis research

Background:

  • Pakistan faces a significant burden of pediatric tuberculosis.
  • Limited research exists on the treatment experiences of children with tuberculosis in Pakistan.
  • Understanding treatment outcomes is vital for improving child health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for unsuccessful treatment outcomes in children with drug-susceptible tuberculosis in Karachi, Pakistan.
  • To analyze data from a retrospective cohort of pediatric tuberculosis patients.
  • To inform strategies for better pediatric tuberculosis management.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of children (<15 years) treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis (2016-2017).
  • Involved eight hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 1,665 children initiated treatment; 11.8% experienced unsuccessful outcomes (deaths, failures, lost to follow-up).
  • Younger children (0-4 years), males, and those with bacteriologic confirmation had higher odds of unsuccessful outcomes.
  • Intensified case finding identified over half of the study population.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of children with tuberculosis is essential.
  • Interventions need to be tailored for young children undergoing tuberculosis treatment.
  • Findings highlight the need for improved pediatric tuberculosis care strategies.
Abstract

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