Rapid detection of avian leukosis virus using a fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip assay

We developed a rapid fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip (FM-ICTS) assay for the quantitative detection of avian leukosis virus (ALV). A monoclonal antibody specific for the ALV major capsid protein encoded by the gag gene was coupled to label fluorescent microspheres. ALV antibodies were coated on a nitrocellulose membrane to prepare a test line for sample detection. The fluorescence signals of the test and control lines can be read either visually by exposure to UV light or using a fluorescence analyzer. ALV could be detected quantitatively using the ratio of fluorescence signals of the test and control lines (T/C). The assay threshold was determined as a T/C value of 0.0606. The fitting curve equation was established between 1 and 2,048 ng/mL P27 protein with an r2 value of 0.9998. The assay showed no cross reactivity with Newcastle disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, Marek's disease virus, infectious bursal disease, Reoviridae virus, or avian influenza virus. The repeatability was satisfactory with an overall average CV of 8.65%. The Kappa coefficient between a commercial ELISA kit was 0.7031 using clinical chicken meconium samples. Thus, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip was developed based on specific anti-capsid protein p27 monoclonal antibodies.