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TRIM21-From Intracellular Immunity to Therapy
Stian Foss1,2,3, Maria Bottermann4, Alexandra Jonsson2,3,4
1Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Frontiers in Immunology
|September 27, 2019
Summary
Tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) is a key sensor and defense protein against viral infections. This review explores its dual role in antiviral immunity and therapeutic applications, highlighting its versatile functions.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- TRIM21 acts as a cytosolic ubiquitin ligase and antibody receptor.
- It functions as a sensor for antibody-coated viruses that enter cells.
- TRIM21 initiates effector and signaling responses to prevent viral replication and induce an antiviral state.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biological understanding of TRIM21.
- To highlight its versatile functions in antiviral defense and therapeutics.
- To discuss its regulatory mechanisms and potential applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on TRIM21.
- Analysis of TRIM21's role in viral infections.
- Exploration of TRIM21's therapeutic and research applications.
Main Results:
- TRIM21 provides a crucial defense against viruses by sensing antibody-bound pathogens.
- Its effector functions are regulated by auto-ubiquitination and phosphorylation.
- TRIM21 has detrimental effects in adenovirus gene therapy but potential benefits in neurodegenerative disorders.
Conclusions:
- TRIM21 plays a versatile role in innate immunity and cellular defense.
- Its functions can be therapeutically exploited or pose challenges in specific contexts.
- Further understanding of TRIM21 is essential for its application in medicine and research.
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