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Executive function in systemic arterial hypertension: A systematic review.

Natália Cristina Moraes1, Ivan Aprahamian2, Mônica Sanches Yassuda1

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Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is linked to poorer executive functions (EF), particularly inhibitory control and shifting. This review highlights these cognitive impairments in adults with SAH.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a prevalent condition.
  • SAH is increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to cognitive decline.
  • Executive functions (EF) are crucial for complex cognitive tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing evidence on the impact of SAH on specific components of executive functions.
  • To identify which aspects of EF are most affected in adults diagnosed with SAH.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searches were performed in PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs databases.
  • Keywords included "executive function" and "hypertension".

Main Results:

  • Nine cross-sectional and three longitudinal studies were included.
  • Most studies reported worse performance on EF tasks in individuals with SAH compared to controls.
  • Shifting and inhibitory control were the most frequently affected EF components.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibitory control and shifting are the executive functions most significantly impacted by SAH.
  • These findings suggest potential mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in hypertensive individuals.
  • Further research is warranted to explore these mechanisms.