Transcriptomic Profiling of Acute Cold Stress-Induced Disease Resistance (SIDR) Genes and Pathways in the Grapevine
William A Weldon1, Cal D Palumbo2, Alisson P Kovaleski3
1Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A.
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions : MPMI
|September 27, 2019
Summary
Cold temperatures transiently boost grapevine resistance to powdery mildew by altering host metabolism. This cold stress-induced disease resistance (SIDR) involves downregulated photosynthesis and nutrient transport, creating unfavorable conditions for pathogen growth.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Molecular Biology
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Cold temperatures (2-8°C) induce quantitative resistance to powdery mildew in plants, known as cold stress-induced disease resistance (SIDR).
- Grapevine SIDR occurs frequently post-budbreak, delaying powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) epidemics, but its molecular underpinnings are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cold SIDR in Vitis vinifera (grapevine).
- To identify candidate genes and pathways involved in the transient resistance conferred by cold stress.
Main Methods:
- Utilized RNA sequencing with high replication (n=8-10) to analyze gene expression changes in grapevine after cold treatment.
- Characterized the timing and magnitude of the SIDR phenotype, measuring spore penetration success.
Main Results:
- The cold SIDR phenotype peaked at 24 hours post-cold (hpc), reducing Erysiphe necator spore penetration by 22-28%.
- Transcriptional analysis revealed significant downregulation of photosynthesis pathways, while starch and sugar metabolism remained unaffected.
- Twenty-six cold-responsive genes showed peak differential expression at 24 hpc, with several nutrient and amino acid transporter genes notably downregulated.
Conclusions:
- Cold stress transiently alters grapevine metabolism, creating suboptimal conditions for powdery mildew establishment.
- Downregulation of nutrient transport genes may contribute to localized nutrient sinks, further hindering pathogen growth.
- This study provides a foundation for identifying novel targets for grapevine disease management and breeding programs.
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