Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bile acids and nanotechnology as emerging platforms for drug delivery.

Therapeutic delivery·2026

Same author

Physicochemical compatibility and stability of ketamine co-administered with selected supportive care drugs and parenteral nutrition in pediatric oncology.

Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy·2026

Same author

Independent Predictors Associated with Patient Refusal of Invasive Diagnostic Procedures After Positive LDCT Lung Cancer Screening.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Clinical Effectiveness of a Novel Caffeine Nano-Cream for Cellulite Reduction: A Randomised Double-Blind Trial.

Pharmaceutics·2026

Same author

Correction: Kovacevic et al. The Effect of Deoxycholic Acid on Chitosan-Enabled Matrices for Tissue Scaffolding and Injectable Nanogels. <i>Gels</i> 2022, <i>8</i>, 358.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Impact of patient and tumor characteristics on various aspects of the non-small cell lung cancer patient journey in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia: A multicenter, non-interventional, retrospective cohort study.

Cancer treatment and research communications·2025

Same journal

<i>Camellia sinensis</i> Silver Nanoparticles Inhibit Proliferation and Induce PARP-Dependent Apoptosis in A549 Cells: Formulation, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation.

Pharmaceutical development and technology·2026

Same journal

Enhanced solubility and bioavailability of zanubrutinib nanocrystals: Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Pharmaceutical development and technology·2026

Same journal

Intradermal delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride using dissolving microneedles: <i>in vitro</i> dermatokinetic test and <i>in vivo</i> anesthetic activity assessment.

Pharmaceutical development and technology·2026

Same journal

Quality by design-guided development of silica-enabled lipid hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced olaparib dissolution.

Pharmaceutical development and technology·2026

Same journal

Surface engineering of nanocarriers with polymer coatings: materials, strategies, functional outcomes, and clinical translation.

Pharmaceutical development and technology·2026

Same journal

Compression equations in pharmaceutical tableting: from classical compaction models to data-driven and mechanistic approaches.

Pharmaceutical development and technology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

Bile acid-polymer-probucol microparticles: protective effect on pancreatic β-cells and decrease in type 1 diabetes

Armin Mooranian¹, Nassim Zamani¹, Giuseppe Luna¹

¹Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth , Australia.

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology

|September 27, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The combination of probucol (PB) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) enhanced PB absorption and reduced inflammation, suggesting potential for type 1 diabetes prevention.

Keywords:

Type-1 diabetes bile acids nanoencapsulation technology probucol ursodeoxycholic acid

More Related Videos

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement

Published on: May 2, 2025

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement

Published on: May 2, 2025

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

Probucol (PB) exhibits anti-inflammatory and beta-cell protective effects, showing potential for diabetes treatment.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), an anti-inflammatory bile acid, was incorporated to optimize PB's anti-inflammatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the absorption, tissue distribution, anti-inflammatory effects, and type 1 diabetes prevention of PB when combined with UDCA.
To compare PB-UDCA microcapsules with PB powder and PB microcapsules in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

Balb/c mice were administered PB powder, PB microcapsules, or PB-UDCA microcapsules daily for one week.
Type 1 diabetes was induced using alloxan, and treatment was continued for three days post-confirmation.
PB concentrations, cytokine levels (Interferon gamma), blood glucose, and survival rates were analyzed.

Main Results:

The PB-UDCA group exhibited the highest PB concentrations in blood and various tissues, including the gut, liver, spleen, brain, and white adipose tissue.
PB-UDCA significantly reduced plasma Interferon gamma levels, indicating potent anti-inflammatory effects.
While blood glucose levels were similar across groups, the PB-UDCA group showed the highest survival rate.

Conclusions:

PB-UDCA demonstrated superior PB absorption and tissue distribution compared to PB alone.
The combination therapy effectively reduced inflammation and improved survival in a type 1 diabetes mouse model.
PB-UDCA holds promise for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in diabetes management.