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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay
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    Wild poliovirus type 2 is eradicated, and type 3 is nearing eradication. Global efforts focus on containing all polioviruses in certified facilities to prevent reintroduction and ensure public health safety.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Public Health
    • Infectious Disease Control

    Background:

    • Wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2) eradicated in 2015; WPV type 3 (WPV3) nearing eradication.
    • Global switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent (bOPV) in 2016 to withdraw type 2 vaccine virus.
    • World Health Organization (WHO) Member States committed to containing all polioviruses in certified facilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the global strategy for poliovirus containment post-eradication.
    • To detail the implementation of containment for type 2 poliovirus materials.
    • To project future containment needs and facility reductions.

    Main Methods:

    • Monitoring of poliovirus eradication progress by the Global Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication (GCC).
    • Implementation of containment activities for poliovirus-essential facilities (PEFs) retaining type 2 poliovirus (PV2) materials.
    • Establishment of national authorities for containment (NACs) for certification.

    Main Results:

    • As of August 2019, 74 PEFs in 26 countries nominated to retain PV2 materials.
    • 25 countries have established NACs; all PEFs must be enrolled by December 31, 2019.
    • Containment requirements will expand to WPV3 and VDPV type 3 materials upon WPV3 eradication.

    Conclusions:

    • Containment of all poliovirus types in certified facilities is critical to prevent reintroduction.
    • The number of PEFs will temporarily increase then decrease as safer alternatives become available.
    • Effective biorisk management is essential for facilities handling polioviruses post-eradication.