Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Other Algae01:19

Other Algae

413
The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
413
Red Algae01:23

Red Algae

767
Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
767
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

742
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
742
Overview of Algae01:28

Overview of Algae

701
The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...
701
Green Algae01:21

Green Algae

724
Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
724
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

5.5K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Insights into the role of crustose coralline algae microbiomes on coral larval settlement in the Great Barrier Reef.

Environmental microbiome·2026
Same author

Adapting the growth-form concept to geniculate coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta).

Journal of phycology·2026
Same author

An updated classification of growth forms in non-geniculate coralline algae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta).

Journal of phycology·2026
Same author

Bacterial Communities Associated With Crustose Coralline Algae Are Host-Specific.

MicrobiologyOpen·2026
Same author

Species-specific metabolomic profiles of coral reef coralline algae and their influence on the larval settlement of corals and crown-of-thorns starfish.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Delayed onset of ocean acidification in the Gulf of Maine.

Scientific reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm
15:39

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm

Published on: February 28, 2017

8.6K

Coralline algal calcification: A morphological and process-based understanding.

Merinda C Nash1,2, Guillermo Diaz-Pulido3, Adela S Harvey4

  • 1Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America.

Plos One
|September 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coralline algae build reefs through calcified cell walls. This study reveals a three-step model for skeletal carbonate formation, detailing calcified primary (PCW) and secondary cell walls (SCW) in these crucial marine organisms.

More Related Videos

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

17.3K
Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals
10:39

Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals

Published on: September 5, 2014

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm
15:39

Characterization of Calcification Events Using Live Optical and Electron Microscopy Techniques in a Marine Tubeworm

Published on: February 28, 2017

8.6K
Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

17.3K
Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals
10:39

Multimodal Optical Microscopy Methods Reveal Polyp Tissue Morphology and Structure in Caribbean Reef Building Corals

Published on: September 5, 2014

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Geology
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Coralline algae are vital builders of tropical reefs and rhodolith beds.
  • Their reef-building capacity relies on calcified thallus formation.
  • The cellular mechanisms of skeletal carbonate formation in coralline algae are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cellular carbonate features in coralline algae.
  • To develop a model for the process of calcification in coralline algae.
  • To elucidate the formation of calcified primary cell walls (PCW) and secondary cell walls (SCW).

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic analysis of cellular carbonate structures.
  • Description of two distinct calcification types: PCW and SCW.
  • Observation of Mg-calcite crystal formation and distribution within cell walls.

Main Results:

  • Identified two types of cell wall calcification: PCW and SCW.
  • Described the composition of cell walls, including bands of elevated Mg content (M-type to D-type).
  • Proposed a three-step model for calcification involving PCW and SCW formation with radial Mg-calcite crystals.

Conclusions:

  • Coralline algae calcification is likely a bioinduced process.
  • The proposed model advances understanding of skeletal carbonate formation in coralline algae.
  • Findings explain banding in rhodoliths and potential structural weaknesses in crusts.