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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

A comparative approach to affect and cooperation.

Jorg J M Massen¹, Friederike Behrens², Jordan S Martin³

¹Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Animal Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|September 27, 2019

Summary

Comparative affect research studies animal emotions by comparing species. This study critically examines common experimental methods, highlighting assumptions and proposing novel, ecologically relevant approaches for better understanding animal affect.

Keywords:

Animal cooperation Animal emotions Emotions Evolution Physiology

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Area of Science:

Comparative psychology
Ethology
Affective science

Background:

Comparative affect science assumes comparing affective phenomena across species illuminates causes and consequences of affect.
Accurately representing each species' affective experience is a key challenge in this field.
Standardized experimental paradigms are commonly used across species to compare behavioral responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize dominant comparative research paradigms, especially in cooperation literature.
To critically discuss assumptions about what affective states these tasks measure.
To consider alternatives for improving the understanding of animal affect.

Main Methods:

Review and critical analysis of existing experimental paradigms in comparative affect research.
Focus on paradigms used in the study of cooperation.
Discussion of underlying assumptions regarding species' perception, affective response, and homology of behavioral/physiological responses.

Main Results:

Identified common experimental paradigms and their underlying assumptions in comparative affect research.
Highlighted potential pitfalls in interpreting cross-species behavioral and physiological data.
Discussed limitations of current methods in accurately capturing species-specific affective experiences.

Conclusions:

Current standardized paradigms may not be universally applicable or accurately reflect species-specific affect.
Researchers must critically evaluate assumptions about perception, response, and homology.
Development of novel, ecologically relevant paradigms is crucial for advancing the science of comparative affect.