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Effects of moderately elevated pressure on gas fermentation processes.

Wouter Van Hecke1, Richard Bockrath2, Heleen De Wever1

  • 1Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium.

Bioresource Technology
|September 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Industrial biotechnology can convert carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into valuable products. However, gas fermentation faces challenges with gas mass transfer rates, which can be improved by increasing system pressure.

Keywords:
C1 gasesDriving forceGas fermentationMass transferModerately elevated pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Industrial biotechnology
  • Biochemical engineering
  • Chemical process development

Background:

  • Industrial biotechnology offers a pathway to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by converting them into valuable products.
  • A significant technical barrier in gas fermentation processes is the limited rate of gas mass transfer.
  • Increasing system pressure enhances the driving force for gas mass transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical aspects of gas fermentation conducted at elevated pressures.
  • To focus on findings from fermentations performed at 5-10 bar.
  • To highlight the underexplored potential of moderately elevated pressures for various gas substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gas fermentation at elevated pressures.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and oxygen (O2) as substrates.
  • Examination of fermentation performance metrics at pressures ranging from 5 to 10 bar.

Main Results:

  • Elevated pressures, particularly in the 5-10 bar range, show potential for improving microbial growth rates and product formation in gas fermentation.
  • While foundational work exists for high-pressure fermentation (e.g., for oxygen transfer), its application to other gases like CO2 remains underexplored.
  • Current titers and productivities at elevated pressures require enhancement for broader industrial application.

Conclusions:

  • Gas fermentation at moderately elevated pressures (5-10 bar) is a promising but underexplored area for industrial biotechnology.
  • Further systematic investigations and techno-economic assessments are necessary to optimize processes and enable industrialization.
  • Enhancing microbial performance and process economics is crucial for realizing the full potential of high-pressure gas fermentation.