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Related Concept Videos

Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
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Shock Waves01:16

Shock Waves

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While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
When the source's speed approaches the speed of sound, constructive interference between successive wavefronts emitted by the source occurs immediately behind it. Initially, scientists believed that this constructive interference would result in such high...
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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

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Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
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Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid01:09

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

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As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
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Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

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Bubble cloud dynamics in an ultrasound field.

Kazuki Maeda1, Tim Colonius1

  • 1Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Journal of Fluid Mechanics
|September 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

High-intensity focused ultrasound creates asymmetrical bubble clouds. A new parameter explains bubble cloud dynamics and acoustic scattering, aiding ultrasound therapy research.

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Ultrasound Physics

Background:

  • High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can induce cavitation, forming bubble clouds.
  • Understanding bubble cloud dynamics is crucial for optimizing ultrasound therapies and predicting cavitation effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the dynamics of bubble clouds formed by HIFU.
  • Develop a new parameter to characterize bubble cloud behavior and acoustic scattering.
  • Relate findings to the application and quantification of cavitation in ultrasound therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation using high-speed imaging of bubble clouds under HIFU.
  • Numerical simulations to replicate laboratory observations.
  • Parametric study with varying ultrasound wave amplitudes and initial void fractions.

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Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release
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Studying Cavitation Enhanced Therapy
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Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release
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Studying Cavitation Enhanced Therapy
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Main Results:

  • Observed asymmetrical bubble cloud structures with preferential growth of proximal bubbles.
  • Numerical simulations confirmed experimental findings.
  • Introduced a generalized dynamic interaction parameter correlating with energy localization, cloud anisotropy, and far-field acoustic scattering.

Conclusions:

  • The new dynamic interaction parameter effectively characterizes bubble cloud behavior under HIFU.
  • Findings enhance understanding of cloud cavitation physics.
  • The study provides insights for quantifying cavitation effects in ultrasound therapies like lithotripsy.