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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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SBAR II: Application of SBAR01:14

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SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
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Susac syndrome: about two cases.

Fatoumata Ba1, El Hadji Makhtar Ba2, Modou Mbacké Guèye1

  • 1Health Sciences Unit, University Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, Senegal.

The Pan African Medical Journal
|September 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Susac syndrome, an autoimmune condition affecting small blood vessels in the brain, eyes, and ears, was observed in two patients in Senegal. This marks the first documented cases of Susac syndrome in this region.

Keywords:
SenegalSusac syndromecochleo-vestibular neuropathyencephalopathyneurophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Susac syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by encephalopathy, retinal artery occlusions, and sensorineural hearing loss.
  • It results from inflammation of precapillary arterioles affecting the brain, retina, and inner ear.

Observation:

  • This report details the first documented cases of Susac syndrome in Senegal.
  • Two patients presenting with neurological and visual symptoms were diagnosed with Susac syndrome.

Findings:

  • The observations confirm the occurrence of Susac syndrome in West Africa.
  • Clinical presentations in these Senegalese patients align with previously described Susac syndrome characteristics.

Implications:

  • These findings expand the known geographical distribution of Susac syndrome.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the prevalence and specific clinical features of Susac syndrome in African populations.