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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports

Published on: November 28, 2019

Progress on Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Biomaterials.

Meilyn Sylvestre¹, Courtney A Crane², Suzie H Pun¹

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|September 28, 2019

Summary

This study explores strategies for targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), focusing on biomaterials to modulate these cells within the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. It examines systemic and localized approaches, including engineered macrophages, to overcome challenges and advance oncology treatments.

Keywords:

engineered macrophages polymers scaffolds targeting tumor-associated macrophages

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Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment.
TAMs often promote tumor malignancy, making them a significant therapeutic target.
Understanding macrophage behavior is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight three major strategies for regulating TAMs in cancer.
To emphasize the role of biomaterials in modulating TAMs.
To discuss challenges and opportunities in macrophage-based oncology therapies.

Main Methods:

Summarizing systemic methods for targeting TAMs, including passive and active targeting.
Applying principles from wound healing and biomaterial interactions to localized TAM modulation.
Examining engineered macrophages, genetic engineering, and biomaterial integration.

Main Results:

Identified limitations in current systemic TAM targeting approaches.
Proposed localized, biomaterial-based strategies for TAM modulation.
Highlighted the potential of engineered macrophages in combination with biomaterials or drug delivery systems.

Conclusions:

Biomaterials offer promising avenues for regulating TAMs in cancer therapy.
Further research into engineered macrophages and localized delivery systems is warranted.
Addressing challenges in the field will accelerate the development of novel macrophage-based cancer treatments.