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A Study on Cardiac Manifestations of Dengue Fever

Goutam Datta1, Pratik Mitra2

  • 1Associate Professor, Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal;Corresponding Author.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|September 28, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Cardiac involvement in dengue fever affects 11.4% of patients, with bradyarrhythmias being the most common finding. Most cardiac manifestations, including left ventricular dysfunction, resolve spontaneously within weeks to months.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiac involvement in dengue fever is a known complication, with reported incidence ranging from 15-50%.
  • Manifestations include bradycardia, arrhythmias, myocarditis, and pericardial effusion, impacting patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the actual incidence of various cardiac manifestations in dengue fever patients.
  • To analyze the clinical features and recovery patterns of cardiac involvement in dengue.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 120 dengue patients over two years (January 2016 - December 2017).
  • Inclusion of routine biochemical tests, ECG, echocardiography, and Troponin T.
  • Exclusion of patients with electrolyte abnormalities, pre-existing heart disease, or confounding medications.

Main Results:

  • Overall cardiac involvement was observed in 12.5% of patients.
  • Bradyarrhythmias, primarily asymptomatic sinus bradycardia, were the most frequent (6.6%), with full recovery within two weeks.
  • Left ventricular systolic dysfunction occurred in 3.3% and resolved within three months.
  • Pericardial effusion was noted in 2.5% and resolved within two weeks.
  • Transient AV block and atrial fibrillation were observed in two cases each.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac manifestations were present in 11.4% of the studied dengue patients.
  • Bradyarrhythmias were the most common, resolving spontaneously within 7-14 days.
  • Left ventricular systolic dysfunction and pericardial effusion showed good recovery within three months and two weeks, respectively.
  • Significant tachyarrhythmias were rare, with only one case of atrial fibrillation noted.
Abstract

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