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Lower-Extremity Torque Capacity and Physical Function in Mobility-Limited Older Adults
G J Grosicki1, D A Englund, L Price
1Gregory J. Grosicki, Ph.D., Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, GA, 31419. Phone: (912) 344-3317. Fax: (912) 344-3490.
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging
|September 28, 2019
Summary
Progressive resistance training improved skeletal muscle torque capacity in older adults, enhancing physical function and reducing limitations. This study highlights the importance of muscle strength and fatigue resistance for mobility in seniors.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Physiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Age-related functional decline is linked to skeletal muscle weakness and increased fatigability.
- Torque capacity, a measure of muscle strength and fatigue resistance, is crucial for maintaining physical function in older adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the combined effect of muscle strength and fatigability (torque capacity) on physical function in mobility-limited older adults.
- To assess the impact of progressive resistance training (PRT) on torque capacity and subsequent functional improvements.
Main Methods:
- A 12-week randomized controlled trial involving mobility-limited older adults (age ~79) comparing PRT to flexibility training.
- Torque capacity measured via isokinetic knee extension fatigue test; functional outcomes assessed using performance-based and patient-reported measures.
- Statistical analysis included partial correlations adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.
Main Results:
- Torque capacity significantly predicted six-minute walk distance (10% variance) and stair climb time (28% variance).
- PRT led to significant improvements in self-reported activity participation (+20%) and lower extremity function (+7%).
- Improvements in torque capacity correlated with reduced activity limitations (r=0.44) and better SPPB scores (r=0.32).
Conclusions:
- Skeletal muscle torque capacity is a key determinant of physical function in older adults with mobility limitations.
- PRT effectively enhances torque capacity, leading to functional gains and reduced limitations in this population.
- Future research should consider the combined muscle faculties for a comprehensive understanding of functional ability in aging.
