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[Distant bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease in an infant. Case report]

María V Peruffo1, Silvia A Maffia2, Gabriela Nainsztein2

  • 1Servicio de Terapia Intermedia, Sala 14, Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica, La Plata, Buenos Aires. mperuffo2304@yahoo.com.ar.

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|September 28, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) dissemination is rare but can occur in infants. This case highlights BCG dissemination in a 5-month-old, successfully treated with antituberculous drugs.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine prevents severe tuberculosis, administered to newborns in high-prevalence areas.
  • While generally safe, local complications like suppuration and adenopathy can occur.
  • Disseminated BCG disease is infrequent, typically seen in immunocompromised individuals.

Observation:

  • A 5-month-old infant presented with a two-month history of weight loss and subcutaneous nodules.
  • Clinical suspicion pointed towards bacillus Calmette-Guérin dissemination.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy of the subcutaneous lesions.

Findings:

  • The infant's condition was diagnosed as bacillus Calmette-Guérin dissemination.
  • Treatment involved a three-drug antituberculous regimen.
  • The child showed clinical recovery following treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the possibility of BCG dissemination even without identifiable immunodeficiency.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt antituberculous therapy are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • Further research into risk factors for disseminated BCG disease is warranted.

Keywords:
BCGbacillus Calmette-Guérin diseasecongenital immunodeficiencydisseminated BCG

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