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Related Experiment Video

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Fabrication and Characterization of Optical Tissue Phantoms Containing Macrostructure
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Gyroid structures for 3D-printed heterogeneous radiotherapy phantoms.

R Tino1,2,3,4, M Leary1,2,4, A Yeo3

  • 1RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacture, Innovative Manufacturing Research Group (Medical Manufacturing), RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|September 28, 2019
PubMed
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3D printing enables custom radiotherapy phantoms using Gyroid structures. These phantoms offer consistent Hounsfield units (HU) across orientations, improving quality assurance and patient-specific treatment planning.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • 3D printing offers customizable, low-cost radiotherapy phantoms for quality assurance.
  • Existing techniques lack quantification and research into naturally inspired structures like triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS).
  • TPMS enable material heterogeneity crucial for patient-specific phantom development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the manufacturability of Gyroid structures for radiotherapy phantom applications.
  • Analyze the mathematical definition of Gyroids and their impact on Hounsfield Units (HU).
  • Evaluate Gyroid phantoms for their potential in creating patient-specific radiotherapy QA tools.

Main Methods:

  • Fabricated Gyroid phantoms using 3D printing.

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  • Assessed manufacturability via optical microscopy and micro-computed tomography (µCT).
  • Determined material Hounsfield equivalence using standard medical CT scans.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a mean HU range of -900 to -390 with varying standard deviations in fabricated Gyroid phantoms.
    • Gyroid phantoms demonstrated isotropic HU and standard deviation (SD) across different scanning orientations.
    • Exhibited optimized CT attenuations, modulating Hounsfield equivalence compared to traditional infills (grid, slit).

    Conclusions:

    • Demonstrated the feasibility of manipulating Gyroid structural parameters to simulate tissue imaging attenuations.
    • Gyroid structures offer a viable basis for patient-specific radiotherapy phantoms with enhanced accuracy.
    • Opens research avenues for fabricating phantoms with pathological features for comprehensive radiotherapy testing.