Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer and Melanoma

To provide a synopsis of immune checkpoint inhibition in solid tumors with a focus on lung cancer and melanoma for the oncology nurse.

A literature search was conducted from 2012 to the present using key search terms including: ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, immune checkpoint inhibitor, NSCLC or SCLC, melanoma, incidence, toxicity, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Immune checkpoint inhibition has caused a pivotal shift in the treatment of melanoma and lung cancer. Additionally, it has supported the use of immunotherapy as a modality and pillar of cancer treatment. The interdisciplinary team plays an integral role in facilitating patients' understanding of their treatment modality, symptom management, and guidance through their cancer journey. As more research continues in various tumor types to understand how immune-modulated agents can impact tumor burden, disease control, and quality of life, it is hoped that more patients will have access to these therapies.

Patient safety is paramount and nurses are aligned to educate, assess, and guide patients during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Developing a rapport and relationship that is based on trust and open communication are vital for helping patients adhere to therapy and safely navigate symptom reporting at the onset of symptoms.