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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

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Visual Cortex Gains Independence from Peripheral Drive before Eye Opening.

Alexandra Gribizis1, Xinxin Ge1, Tanya L Daigle2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

Neuron
|September 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian visual pathways develop distinct roles. Retinal input to the superior colliculus (SC) remains stable, while input to the primary visual cortex (V1) weakens as intrinsic activity emerges.

Keywords:
RCaMPactivity transferjRCaMP1blateral geniculate nucleusretinaretinal wavesspontaneous activitysuperior colliculusvisual cortexvisual system development

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Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Visual System Research

Background:

  • Mammalian visual spatial perception involves parallel pathways: retinal input to the thalamus/primary visual cortex (V1) and direct retinal input to the superior colliculus (SC).
  • The evolutionary origins, developmental trajectories, and functional interplay of these distinct visual pathways are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early functional development of the thalamocortical and retino-collicular visual pathways.
  • To compare the developmental changes in retinal activity transfer and its influence on V1 and SC function.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous imaging of pre- and post-synaptic spontaneous neuronal activity in both pathways.
  • Analysis of retinal activity transfer quality across the first two postnatal weeks.

Main Results:

  • The quality of retinal activity transfer to the thalamus and SC remained consistent during the first two postnatal weeks.
  • Beginning in the second postnatal week, retinal activity drove V1 less effectively compared to earlier stages.
  • Intrinsic cortical activity appears to increasingly influence V1, competing with peripheral sensory signals during maturation.

Conclusions:

  • The superior colliculus (SC) and primary visual cortex (V1) exhibit differential developmental responses to peripheral visual input.
  • Intrinsic cortical activity plays a significant role in shaping visual cortex function as it matures, modulating the impact of sensory input.