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Robust Biopotential Acquisition via a Distributed Multi-Channel FM-ADC.

Julian Warchall, Paul Theilmann, Yuxuan Ouyang

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |September 29, 2019
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    This study introduces a novel active electrode system for biopotential acquisition using frequency modulation (FM) to reduce wire clutter and improve signal quality. The system achieves a wide dynamic range and significant power savings for wearable electronics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Analog Electronics
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Traditional biopotential acquisition systems often suffer from wire clutter and susceptibility to motion and electromagnetic interference (EMI).
    • Existing multi-channel systems require complex wiring and numerous analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), increasing power consumption and form factor.
    • Need for robust, wearable biopotential monitoring solutions with high dynamic range and low power.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate an active electrode system for biopotential acquisition utilizing a distributed multi-channel FM-modulated analog front-end and ADC architecture.
    • To eliminate wire clutter and enhance resilience to artifacts through FM signal transmission.
    • To achieve significant power savings and a competitive figure of merit compared to existing methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Each electrode captures a biopotential signal and converts it into a unique frequency-modulated (FM) signal using a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).
    • FM signals from multiple electrodes are aggregated onto a shared analog line.
    • A gateway integrated circuit digitizes the composite FM signal for further processing.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a six-channel operation with FM channels centered around 15 MHz.
    • Achieved a usable dynamic range (DR) of over 100 dB, attributed to FM coding gain.
    • Implemented the system in 65 nm silicon, achieving a figure of merit competitive with state-of-the-art approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed FM-modulated active electrode system offers a rugged, wearable form factor by eliminating traditional wire clutter.
    • The system provides enhanced resilience to motion and EMI artifacts, along with significant power savings due to a single ADC for multiple channels.
    • This approach presents a viable and competitive alternative for advanced biopotential acquisition systems.