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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
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Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

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Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
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Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

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Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

[If the dose harms: acute poisoning].

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz·2019
Same author

[Poisoning by chemical substances and products].

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz·2019
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Eye hazard classification according to UN GHS / EU CLP and the severity of eye symptoms caused by accidental exposures to detergents and cleaning products.

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP·2019
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MAGAM II - prospective observational multicentre poisons centres study on eye exposures caused by cleaning products.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2019
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[Health reporting of poisoning in Germany-a scientific investigation into the establishment of national poisoning monitoring in Germany : Background, preliminary work, requirements].

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz·2019
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New legal requirements for submission of product information to poisons centres in EU member states.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2017

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[Poisoning documentation and reporting in Germany].

Herbert Desel1

  • 1Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland. herbert.desel@bfr.bund.de.

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
|September 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Accurate poisoning reports are crucial for medical care and product safety. Case reports and series aid in identifying new intoxications, outbreaks, and hazardous products, enhancing toxicovigilance.

Keywords:
Chemical safetyIntoxicationPoisoning reportsToxicovigilanceUnsafe products

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Adverse event reporting is vital for medical care, substance safety, and education.
  • Case reports form the foundation of toxicovigilance, identifying community poisoning risks.
  • Poisoning reports are generated by healthcare professionals and toxicologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain fundamental clinical toxicology terms.
  • To describe the critical roles of poisoning incident reporting.
  • To highlight the importance of standardized reporting for public health.

Main Methods:

  • Distinguishing between individual case reports and aggregated case series.
  • Analyzing the varying structures, content, and evaluation categories of reports.
  • Reviewing the application of case reports in identifying novel intoxications and outbreaks.

Main Results:

  • Case reports are instrumental in describing new psychoactive substance (NPS) intoxications.
  • Case series have successfully detected poisoning outbreaks and risky products like detergent capsules.
  • Standardized reporting enhances the detection of poisoning risks.

Conclusions:

  • Improved toxicovigilance systems, like Germany's planned national register and the European Product Categorisation System (EuPCS), are essential.
  • Systematic data collection and analysis of poisoning incidents are key to public safety.
  • Enhanced reporting standards will significantly improve national and European toxicovigilance efforts.