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Updated: Jan 18, 2026
A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement
Published on: February 22, 2022
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Lateral Push-Off Skater Exercise for High-Intensity Interval Training vs
Soo-Hyun Soh1, Min Cheol Joo1, Na Ri Yun1
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
Objective:
To examine the therapeutic effects of the lateral push-off skater exercise vs conventional treadmill training on health-related quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and balance.
Design:
Single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.
Setting:
Outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital.
Participants:
Patients after minor stroke (N=36) with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores≤3 between 20 and 65 years of age were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=18) or the control group (n=18).
Interventions:
Thirty-minute sessions of the skater exercise were performed 3 times weekly for 12 weeks in the intervention group. Conventional treadmill aerobic exercise was conducted in the control group at the same frequency and duration as the experimental group exercise.
Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome was measured using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D). Secondary outcomes included CRF and balance indicators. Assessments were performed at baseline (T0), 12 weeks from T0 (T1), and 16 weeks from T0 (T2).
Results:
Significant improvements in EQ-5D, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak oxygen pulse, peak minute ventilation (VE), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were found in the intervention group after performing the skater exercise (P<.05, all), and these improvements were sustained at T2 (P<.05, all). Between-group comparisons demonstrated greater improvements in EQ-5D, VO2peak, peak oxygen pulse, peak VE, DGI, and BBS in the intervention group than those in the control group at both T1 (P<.05, all) and T2 (P<0.05, all). Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between EQ-5D and VO2peak, peak VE, DGI, and BBS (P<.05, all).
Conclusions:
The skater exercise improved health-related quality of life, CRF, and balance in patients after minor stroke more effectively than conventional treadmill-based aerobic exercise. We recommend the skater exercise as a high-intensity interval training program for patients after minor stroke.
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