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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
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Urinary Retention.

Michael Billet1, Thomas Andrew Windsor2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|September 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a sudden inability to void, causing abdominal pain. Emergency departments can manage most cases by relieving obstruction and addressing the cause, with urology consultation for complex presentations.

Keywords:
Benign prostatic hyperplasiaCatheterCatheterizationFoleyRetentionUrinary retention

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Urology

Background:

  • Urinary retention is a frequent emergency department presentation.
  • Acute urinary retention (AUR) is characterized by sudden, involuntary inability to void, often accompanied by lower abdominal pain.
  • The causes of AUR are diverse and can be multifactorial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of common causes of urinary retention.
  • To outline emergency department evaluation and treatment strategies for AUR.
  • To identify clinical features necessitating urologic consultation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common etiologies of urinary retention.
  • Description of diagnostic approaches in the emergency setting.
  • Outline of immediate management and disposition principles.

Main Results:

  • Most cases of AUR can be managed effectively in the emergency department.
  • Relief of obstruction and treatment of the underlying cause are primary goals.
  • Specific clinical indicators guide the need for specialist urologic input.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency physicians can manage the majority of acute urinary retention cases.
  • Timely evaluation and intervention are crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Understanding when to involve urology ensures optimal care for complex presentations.