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Related Concept Videos

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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Related Experiment Video

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Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
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On the mark: genetically engineered immunotherapies for autoimmunity.

Christoph T Ellebrecht1, Daniel K Lundgren1, Aimee S Payne1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|September 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Current autoimmune therapies carry risks. This review explores modifying adoptive immunotherapy, like engineered T cells, to target autoimmune cells for durable remission, drawing parallels with cancer treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Adoptive Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Existing treatments for autoimmune diseases often result in significant illness and fatalities.
  • Adoptive immunotherapy with genetically modified T cells has shown success in treating B cell leukemias and lymphomas, achieving lasting remissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of adapting adoptive immunotherapy for autoimmune conditions.
  • To explore antigen-specific strategies for targeting autoreactive B and T cells to achieve durable autoimmune disease remission.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on antigen-specific immune cell modification.
  • Focus on strategies targeting B cell receptors (BCR) or T cell receptors (TCR) of autoreactive cells.

Main Results:

  • Exploration of methods to eliminate or suppress autoimmune responses.
  • Highlighting the potential of targeting specific B and T cells involved in autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • Antigen-specific adoptive immunotherapy presents a promising avenue for treating autoimmune diseases.
  • Modifying immune cells to target autoreactive B and T cells could lead to durable disease remission.