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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

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[Giant cell arteritis: Ischemic complications]

Laurent Sailler1, Kim Paricaud1

  • 1CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, université de Toulouse, service de médecine interne, Pavillon URM, UMR Inserm 1027, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|October 1, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) can cause ischemic complications, often in undiagnosed or uncontrolled cases. Ophthalmic issues like anterior ischemic optic neuropathy are common, while strokes typically affect the vertebrobasilar arteries.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries.
  • Ischemic complications are a significant concern in GCA, impacting various organ systems.
  • Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent irreversible damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of ischemic complications associated with Giant Cell Arteritis.
  • To highlight diagnostic advancements and current treatment strategies for GCA-related ischemia.
  • To emphasize the importance of disease control in preventing ischemic events.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on ischemic complications in Giant Cell Arteritis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic modalities including imaging techniques.
  • Summary of established and emerging treatment protocols.

Main Results:

  • Ischemic complications are more frequent in undiagnosed or poorly controlled GCA.
  • Ophthalmic complications, particularly anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, are most common.
  • Vasculitic strokes predominantly occur in the vertebrobasilar territory; coronary involvement is rare.
  • Advances in echography (halo sign) and PET imaging aid diagnosis of limb ischemia.
  • Treatment involves corticosteroids, cardiovascular risk factor control, and antiplatelet agents; heparin may be used for limb ischemia.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of Giant Cell Arteritis is key to mitigating ischemic risks.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of GCA-related ischemia can improve patient outcomes.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is often necessary for comprehensive patient care.

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