[A rare and severe complication related to acenocoumarol therapy: intra-alveolar bleeding]

Intra-alveolar bleeding is a rare and severe medical emergency due to numerous causes. We report the clinical case of a patient who could contribute to extend the literature on this subject. The study included a 62-year old man, with a history of a trial fibrillation, under anti-vitamins K antagonist admitted with dyspnoea of sudden onset associated with haemoptysis and practising self-medication using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. X-rays and chest scan showed diffuse bilateral alveolar opacities. Haemostatic screening tests on admission showed non-coagulable INR. The diagnosis of intra-alveolar bleeding was clinically and radiologically suspected and then confirmed by bronchial endoscopy with broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) which detected uniformly hemorrhagic liquid. Previous studies of similar complications occurring after anti-vitamins K antagonists assumption are rare. In conclusion, it seems very important to emphasize the interest of strict and optimal clinico-biological monitoring of patients treated in anti-vitamins K antagonists to avoid an overdose which could contribute to a life-threatening severe haemorrhagic event.