Modified Nanopillar Arrays for Highly Stable and Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Atomically modified graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (QDs), characterized by strongly increased reactivity and stability, are developed. These are deposited on arrays of TiO₂ nanopillars used as a photoanode for the photoelectrochemical water splitting. This photoanode shows excellent stability, with 111 h of continuous work without any performance loss, which outperforms the best-reported results by a factor of 10. Remarkably, our photoanode produces hydrogen even at zero bias. The excellent performance is attributed to the enhancement of photoabsorption, as well as to the promotion of charge separation between TiO₂ nanopillars and the QDs.