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Pilot Study of an Integrated Smartphone and Breathalyzer Contingency Management Intervention for Alcohol Use
Oladunni Oluwoye1, Hailey Reneau, Jalene Herron
1Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA (OO, HR, JH, KCA, MGM); Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA (OO, SM, JR, MGM); Program for Excellence in Addiction Research, Washington State University, Spokane, WA (OO, SM, JR, MGM); Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, WA (SM).
Introduction:
Monitoring devices provide a platform for assessing alcohol use and implementing alcohol interventions. This pilot study focused on assessing the early-stage feasibility and usability of a smartphone-based application and breathalyzer used in a contingency management intervention for alcohol use.
Methods:
Six nontreatment-seeking participants completed a 9-week ABA within-subjects designed intervention targeting alcohol use. Participants submitted 2 to 8 alcohol breathalyzer samples per day and completed self-report drinking measures and usability assessments. During the A phases (weeks 1-3 and 8-9), participants received reinforces for submitting breathalyzer samples, regardless of their results. During the contingency management, B phase (weeks 4-7), and received reinforcers only when negative breathalyzer samples were submitted. Usability assessment of the application was also conducted during weeks 2 and 9.
Results:
Participants in the contingent B phase (49%) were more likely to submit alcohol-negative breathalyzer samples compared with the noncontingent A phases (27%; P < 0.001). Usability assessment of the application varied, and participants noted several technical concerns.
Conclusion:
The use of smartphones and breathalyzers may be a practical solution to extend the reach of contingency management during and after treatment.
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