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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Structure-function Relationship in Advanced Glaucoma After Reaching the RNFL Floor.

Mi Sun Sung1, Hwan Heo, Sang Woo Park

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.

Journal of Glaucoma
|October 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In advanced glaucoma, even when retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is minimal, nasal macular parameters correlate with visual field function. These macular changes are crucial for assessing central vision in severe glaucoma cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Advanced glaucoma can lead to significant vision loss.
  • The circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurement can reach a floor in advanced stages.
  • The nasal macular region's role in visual function needs further investigation in these cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between central visual field (VF) and macular parameters from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
  • To assess if SD-OCT structural measurements can estimate functional status in advanced glaucoma patients with a measurement floor cpRNFL.

Main Methods:

  • Included 68 eyes of patients with advanced glaucoma and average cpRNFL thickness ≤57 μm.
  • Utilized Cirrus SD-OCT for macular imaging and 10-2 Humphrey VF testing.
  • Analyzed correlations between central VF and macular parameters, converting VF mean deviation to a linear scale.

Main Results:

  • Patients had a mean VF mean deviation of -20.69 dB and average cpRNFL of 51.76±3.61 μm.
  • No significant correlation was found between VF and cpRNFL thickness parameters.
  • Significant correlations observed between central VF and superonasal macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, inner nasal macular thickness, and outer nasal macular thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Macular parameters remain significantly related to visual field status even when cpRNFL thickness reaches its measurement floor.
  • Assessing structural changes in the nasal macular region is vital for understanding central VF in advanced glaucoma.
  • SD-OCT macular parameters offer valuable insights into functional vision in severe glaucoma.