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Extraluminal Sigmoid Sinus Angioplasty: A Pertinent Reconstructive Surgical Method Targeting Dural Sinus Hemodynamics
Yue-Lin Hsieh1,2,3, Wuqing Wang1,2,3
1Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University.
Objectives:
1) To provide information on the treatment of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) with transtemporal extraluminal sigmoid sinus angioplasty (ESSA); and 2) to discuss the current clinical management of PT.
Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.
Settings:
Multi-institutional tertiary university medical centers.
Patients:
Fifty-four PT patients with transverse-sigmoid sinus enlargement and prominent transverse-sigmoid junction with or without sigmoid sinus wall anomalies or transverse sinus anomalies.
Intervention:
All patients underwent ESSA under local anesthesia.
Main Outcome Measures:
Intraoperative discoveries and surgical resolution of PT, morphology, and computational fluid dynamics.
Results:
Fifty-three of the 54 (98%) patients experienced a significant reduction in, or complete resolution of, PT after ESSA. No major surgical complications occurred, except for one case where we observed a full collapse of the sinus wall. On average, this surgery reduced the cross-sectional area at the transverse-sigmoid junction by 61.5%. Our intraoperative discoveries suggest that sigmoid sinus wall anomalies may not be a definitive cause of PT. The transverse-sigmoid sinus system was significantly larger (in term of both cross-sectional area and volume) on the ipsilesional side compared with the contralesional side. Following ESSA, the vascular wall pressure and vortex flow at the transverse-sigmoid junction decreased considerably, and the flow velocity and wall shear stress increased significantly.
Conclusion:
ESSA is a highly effective surgical technique for PT patients with transverse-sigmoid sinus enlargement and prominent transverse-sigmoid junction, regardless of whether they also have sigmoid sinus wall or transverse sinus anomalies. A large transverse-sigmoid system with prominent transverse-sigmoid junction is a predisposing factor for PT, and only by improving patients' intrasinus hemodynamics could PT be resolved efficiently. In cases without complete obstruction of venous return, ESSA is safe. No postoperative complications related to neurological disorders were observed.
