Plasmonic fiber optic hydrogen sensor using oxygen defects in nanostructured molybdenum trioxide film

Hydrogen is one of the most promising candidates for fulfilling the next energy demands in transportation, aerospace, heating, and power generation. Due to its highly explosive nature, hydrogen leakage sensors are considered a critical industrial need. We propose a room-temperature, high-sensitivity hydrogen sensor using oxygen defect-induced plasmonic features. The proposed sensing probe utilizes nanostructured α-MoO₃ thin film as the sensing material in which free carriers and plasmonic properties are induced in response to hydrogen exposure. A notable blue spectral shift of 70.6 nm is observed in response to hydrogen gas exposure from 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, which confirms the sensor's capability for efficient detection of low hydrogen concentrations. The sensor's sensitivity, linearity, and reversibility are experimentally investigated through a simple optical setup.