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White sponge nevus: A condition not always clinically suspected.

Kelly T Bezerra1, Taiana C Leite1, Ana Luiza O C Roza2

  • 1Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
|October 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

White sponge nevus (WSN) is a rare inherited disorder causing painless white lesions on mucous membranes. Diagnosis often relies on clinical examination, but microscopic analysis aids in adults to distinguish it from other conditions.

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oral mucosawhite lesionswhite sponge nevus

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • White sponge nevus (WSN) is an uncommon, inherited disorder affecting oral, esophageal, and genital mucosa.
  • Characterized by diffuse, painless white lesions, WSN typically manifests from birth through adolescence.

Observation:

  • Diagnosis is frequently achieved through clinical examination.
  • Microscopic analysis is crucial in adults to differentiate WSN from other whitish oral lesions.
  • This report details four additional cases, highlighting clinical and histopathological features.

Findings:

  • WSN presents as benign, inherited white lesions on various mucosal surfaces.
  • Clinical assessment is often sufficient, but histopathology confirms diagnosis, especially in adults.
  • Accurate diagnosis prevents unnecessary treatments for conditions mimicking WSN.

Implications:

  • Dermatologists, dentists, and pathologists should consider WSN in differential diagnoses of multiple white oral lesions.
  • Recognizing WSN avoids misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapeutic interventions.
  • Understanding WSN's clinical and histopathological profile improves patient management.