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Chemically Responsive Hydrogel Deformation Mechanics: A Review.

Eanna Fennell1,2, Jacques M Huyghe3,4,5

  • 1Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This review covers numerical models for chemically responsive hydrogels, focusing on swelling behaviors and material characterization challenges. It also summarizes experimental techniques and surface instability mechanisms in soft materials.

Keywords:
chemically-responsivefinite deformationhydrogel mechanicshydrogelskineticsosmotic swellingsuperabsorbent polymerssurface instabilitiesthermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • Hydrogels are versatile polymeric networks with diverse applications in tissue engineering, medical devices, and agriculture due to their soft, tissue-like nature.
  • Understanding the mechanical properties of hydrogels, particularly during swelling and drying under osmotic or chemical stimuli, is critical but challenging.
  • Existing literature often relies on swelling theories due to difficulties in direct mechanical characterization of gel beads.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and outline current numerical models describing the swelling of hydrogels in response to chemical stimuli.
  • To summarize experimental techniques used for quantifying the bulk mechanical properties of swelling hydrogels.
  • To provide an overview of the mechanisms behind surface instabilities in soft materials during transient swelling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of numerical modeling approaches for chemically responsive hydrogels.
  • Synthesis of experimental techniques for mechanical characterization of hydrogels.
  • Analysis of theoretical frameworks governing swelling-induced instabilities.

Main Results:

  • Compilation of various numerical models for simulating hydrogel swelling behavior.
  • Summary of experimental methods for measuring bulk mechanical properties under osmotic loading.
  • Identification of key mechanisms driving geometric surface instabilities during hydrogel swelling.

Conclusions:

  • The review consolidates knowledge on numerical modeling and experimental characterization of swelling hydrogels.
  • It highlights the importance of understanding material mechanics and surface instabilities for advancing hydrogel applications.
  • This work serves as a reference for researchers in the field of soft materials and computational mechanics.