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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents
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Perioperative Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Conditioning.

Youn Joung Cho1, Won Ho Kim2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea. mingming7@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) shows promise for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, clinical translation, especially in cardiac surgery, faces challenges due to complex pathways and confounding factors, necessitating further research into multitarget strategies.

Keywords:
cardiac surgerycardioprotectiondiabeteshumoral pathwayneuronal pathwaypropofolremote ischemic conditioning

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is explored for cardioprotection, aiming to reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  • Understanding RIC's signal transduction pathways is crucial for its clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of RIC's signal transduction pathways.
  • To evaluate the clinical evidence for RIC's cardioprotective effects, particularly in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and cardiac surgery.
  • To identify reasons for the discrepancy in clinical outcomes and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current knowledge on RIC signal transduction pathways, categorized into stimulus, signal transfer, and target organ response.
  • Analysis of clinical studies investigating RIC's efficacy in PCI and cardiac surgery.
  • Identification of potential confounding factors influencing clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • RIC involves complex neuronal and humoral signaling across stimulus, systemic, and target levels.
  • Clinical studies show consistent cardioprotective effects in PCI but largely neutral results in multicenter cardiac surgery trials.
  • Potential barriers to clinical translation include multifactorial myocardial injury, patient comorbidities, and anesthetic agents.

Conclusions:

  • The translation of RIC's cardioprotective benefits into cardiac surgery remains challenging.
  • Further research should focus on multitarget strategies and optimized outcome measures to overcome confounding factors and improve clinical efficacy.