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Related Concept Videos

Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

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Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
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Proofreading01:43

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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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The Replisome03:01

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
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Plant DNA Polymerases.

Jose-Antonio Pedroza-Garcia1,2, Lieven De Veylder3,4, Cécile Raynaud5

  • 1Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. joseantonio.pedrozagarcia@psb.vib-ugent.be.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome integrity relies on DNA polymerases (Pols) for replication and repair. Recent advances reveal diverse plant Pols, crucial for bypassing DNA lesions and linking genome and epigenome replication.

Keywords:
DNA repairDNA replication

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Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Genome integrity is vital for all organisms, maintained by DNA polymerases (Pols).
  • Eukaryotes utilize multiple Pols for nuclear DNA replication, DNA repair, and organellar DNA replication.
  • Specialized polymerases are essential for bypassing DNA lesions that impede replication fork progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding plant DNA polymerases.
  • To compare plant DNA polymerase knowledge with findings in other eukaryotes.
  • To explore the connections between genome replication and epigenome replication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on plant DNA polymerases.
  • Comparative analysis of DNA polymerase repertoires across eukaryotes.
  • Discussion of emerging research on genome and epigenome replication links.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in characterizing plant DNA polymerases in the last 10-15 years.
  • Plant genomes encode a variable number of specialized polymerases (5-16) for lesion bypass and repair.
  • Emerging evidence suggests links between genome and epigenome replication processes.

Conclusions:

  • Plant DNA polymerases play diverse roles in maintaining genome stability and responding to DNA damage.
  • Comparative studies highlight conserved and unique features of DNA polymerases across eukaryotes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the roles of plant DNA polymerases in genome and epigenome replication.