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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

Published on: June 27, 2020

Mucosal Immune Response to Feline Enteric Coronavirus Infection.

Morgan Pearson¹, Alora LaVoy², Samantha Evans³

¹Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. morganepearson@gmail.com.

|October 2, 2019

Summary

Feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) infection in cats is controlled by antibody responses, not T cell immunity. This study reveals minimal colon changes despite active FECV infection.

Keywords:

Coronavirus feline enteric coronavirus feline infectious peritonitis mucosal immunity

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A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies

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Published on: February 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Veterinary Immunology
Virology
Feline Infectious Diseases

Background:

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by a mutated feline enteric coronavirus (FECV).
The mucosal immune response controlling FECV infection is poorly understood.
FECV infection is typically subclinical in domestic cats.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mucosal immune response to FECV in an infected cat colony.
To characterize the systemic and mucosal immunologic and virologic profiles during FECV infection.
To determine the role of T cell responses in FECV clearance.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study over seven months in a FECV-endemic breeding colony.
Categorization of 33 cats into naïve, convalescent, and actively infected groups based on seropositivity and shedding.
Collection of blood, fecal, and colon biopsy samples for immunological and virological analysis.

Main Results:

Active FECV infection elicited strong systemic IgG and mucosal IgA responses, which decreased after virus clearance.
No significant FECV-specific mucosal T cell interferon-gamma (IFNγ) responses were detected.
Increased IL17:FoxP3 expression suggested a mucosal inflammatory shift, but no histologic abnormalities or lymphocyte changes were observed.

Conclusions:

Humoral immunity (IgG and IgA) plays a key role in controlling FECV infection.
Mucosal T cell responses do not appear critical for FECV elimination.
The colon, as the primary reservoir, shows minimal perturbations during FECV infection.