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Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

Published on: April 20, 2019

Increased white matter diffusivity associated with phantom limb pain.

Cheong Hoon Seo¹, Chang-Hyun Park², Myung Hun Jung³

¹Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The Korean Journal of Pain

|October 2, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Phantom limb pain after arm amputation is linked to white matter changes in the brain. Specifically, higher axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity correlate with pain intensity, indicating altered white matter integrity.

Keywords:

Amputation Brain Chronic Pain Diffusion Tensor Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neuronal Plasticity Phantom limb White Matter

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Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: July 28, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Medical Imaging
Neuroplasticity

Background:

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a debilitating condition following amputation.
Previous research linked cerebral blood volume changes to the cerebral pain network in PLP.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a method to investigate white matter alterations in PLP.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate cerebral white matter changes associated with phantom limb pain in unilateral arm amputees using DTI.
To complement prior findings on cerebral blood volume and the pain network.

Main Methods:

Ten patients with unilateral arm amputation and PLP and 16 healthy controls were recruited.
Phantom limb pain intensity was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS).
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD)) were computed.

Main Results:

Patients with PLP exhibited altered white matter compared to controls, with higher AD in both hemispheres, even after adjusting for depressive mood.
Radial diffusivity (RD) showed associations with VAS scores, particularly in brain regions corresponding to the missing hand and the corpus callosum.

Conclusions:

Phantom limb pain following unilateral arm amputation induces white matter plasticity.
Reduced white matter integrity, especially in the hemisphere linked to the missing limb, significantly correlates with phantom limb pain.