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Broadband transparent optical phase change materials for high-performance nonvolatile photonics.

Yifei Zhang1, Jeffrey B Chou2, Junying Li3

  • 1Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

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|October 2, 2019
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Summary

Researchers developed new Ge-Sb-Se-Te (GSST) optical phase change materials (O-PCMs) that overcome limitations of existing materials. These GSST O-PCMs offer broadband transparency and large optical contrast for advanced infrared photonic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photonics
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Optical phase change materials (O-PCMs) are crucial for photonic devices like switches and routers.
  • Existing O-PCMs, such as Ge-Sb-Te (GST), have coupled optical properties (refractive index and loss) that limit performance.
  • A need exists for O-PCMs with independent control over optical properties for enhanced functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new class of O-PCMs based on Ge-Sb-Se-Te (GSST) that decouple optical properties.
  • To demonstrate the potential of GSST for infrared and thermal photonic applications.
  • To validate GSST as a material for scalable nonvolatile photonics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of Ge-Sb-Se-Te (GSST) alloys.
  • Investigation of optical properties, including refractive index (Δn) and optical loss (Δk), across a broad spectrum.
  • Fabrication and testing of integrated optical switches and spatial light modulator pixels using the optimized GSST alloy (Ge2Sb2Se4Te1).

Main Results:

  • The optimized GSST alloy (Ge2Sb2Se4Te1) exhibits broadband transparency from 1-18.5 μm.
  • A large optical contrast (Δn = 2.0) was achieved, demonstrating the decoupling of optical properties.
  • Nonvolatile integrated optical switches with low loss and high contrast ratio, and an electrically-addressed spatial light modulator pixel were successfully demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The novel GSST O-PCMs effectively decouple optical properties, overcoming limitations of traditional materials.
  • The demonstrated broadband transparency and large optical contrast enable new infrared and thermal photonic devices.
  • GSST shows significant promise for scalable, nonvolatile photonic applications, including optical switches and spatial light modulators.