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Persistent anthelmintic activity of ivermectin in cattle.

J Armour, K Bairden, A F Batty

    The Veterinary Record
    |February 9, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Subcutaneous ivermectin injections in cattle demonstrate persistent activity against gastrointestinal parasites and lungworms. This study shows significant reductions in worm counts, highlighting ivermectin

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Parasitology
    • Animal Health
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms pose significant health and economic challenges in cattle farming.
    • Understanding the persistent efficacy of antiparasitic drugs is crucial for effective parasite control strategies.
    • Ivermectin is a widely used endectocide, but its residual activity duration needs precise characterization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the persistent activity of subcutaneous ivermectin at 200 micrograms/kg in cattle.
    • To determine the efficacy of ivermectin against induced infections of Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora, and Dictyocaulus viviparus.
    • To assess the impact of varying intervals between ivermectin treatment and larval challenge on parasite establishment.

    Main Methods:

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    • Two controlled studies were conducted involving cattle.
    • Animals were treated subcutaneously with ivermectin at 200 µg/kg.
    • Cattle were subsequently challenged with infective larvae of O. ostertagi, C. oncophora, or D. viviparus at different time intervals post-treatment.

    Main Results:

    • Ivermectin demonstrated high efficacy (>99%) against O. ostertagi and D. viviparus across various treatment-challenge intervals.
    • Efficacy against C. oncophora varied, with significant reductions observed at shorter intervals (7 days) but lower efficacy at longer intervals (14-21 days) in one study.
    • The drug showed persistent activity, significantly reducing worm burdens compared to control groups in both studies.

    Conclusions:

    • Subcutaneous ivermectin at 200 µg/kg provides persistent protection against key gastrointestinal and lung parasites in cattle.
    • The duration of protection varies depending on the parasite species and the interval between treatment and larval exposure.
    • These findings have implications for pasture management and strategic deworming programs to minimize parasite transmission and infection.