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Tensionless Path from Closed to Open Strings.

Arjun Bagchi1,2, Aritra Banerjee3, Pulastya Parekh1,4

  • 1Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.

Physical Review Letters
|October 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In string theory, the tensionless limit reveals the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) algebra and surprisingly shows open strings emerging from closed strings. This limit also leads to a Bose-Einstein condensation of string states.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • String Theory
  • High-Energy Physics

Background:

  • The standard tensile closed string theory exhibits two copies of the Virasoro algebra as its world sheet symmetries.
  • The tensionless limit of string theory is an ultrarelativistic limit with distinct symmetry properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine the tensionless limit of bosonic closed string theory.
  • To investigate the emergence of open strings from closed strings in this limit.
  • To analyze the behavior of perturbative string states in the tensionless limit.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the 3D Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) algebra as world sheet symmetries.
  • Consideration of induced representations of the BMS algebra in the oscillator basis.
  • Tracking perturbative states of the tensile theory within the tensionless limit.

Main Results:

  • The tensionless limit yields the BMS algebra, differing from the Virasoro algebra of tensile strings.
  • The tensile closed string vacuum transitions to an "induced" vacuum, identified as a Neumann boundary state.
  • Open strings remarkably emerge from closed strings in the tensionless limit.
  • Perturbative string states exhibit Bose-Einstein-like condensation onto the induced vacuum.

Conclusions:

  • The tensionless limit of bosonic closed string theory leads to the BMS algebra and the emergence of open strings.
  • This phenomenon is linked to a Bose-Einstein condensation of string states, consistent with string gas models at Hagedorn temperature.