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Updated: Jan 6, 2026
Use of 3D Robotic Ultrasound for In Vivo Analysis of Mouse Kidneys
Published on: August 12, 2021
Three-dimensional US Fractional Moving Blood Volume: Validation of Renal Perfusion Quantification
Alec W Welsh1, J Brian Fowlkes1, Stephen Z Pinter1
1From the School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine (A.W.W., G.N.S.), and Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine (A.W.W.), University of New South Wales, Royal Hospital for Women, Locked Bag 2000, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; Departments of Radiology (J.B.F., S.Z.P., J.M.R., O.D.K.), Biomedical Engineering (K.A.I.), and Pediatrics (G.E.O.), University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich; Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England (P.L., S.L.C.); and Fetal Medicine Unit, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (S.L.C.).
Abstract:
Background Three-dimensional (3D) fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) derived from 3D power Doppler US has been proposed for noninvasive approximation of perfusion. However, 3D FMBV has never been applied in animals against a ground truth. Purpose To determine the correlation between 3D FMBV and the reference standard of fluorescent microspheres (FMS) for measurement of renal perfusion in a porcine model. Materials and Methods From February 2017 to September 2017, adult pigs were administered FMS before and after measurement of renal 3D FMBV at baseline (100%) and approximately 75%, 50%, and 25% flow levels by using US machines from two different vendors. The 3D power Doppler US volumes were converted and segmented, and correlations between FMS and 3D FMBV were made with simple linear regression (r). Similarity and reproducibility of manual segmentation were determined with the Dice similarity coefficient and 3D FMBV reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]). Results Thirteen pigs were studied with 33 flow measurements. Kidney volume (mean Dice similarity coefficient ± standard deviation, 0.89 ± 0.01) and renal segmentation (coefficient of variation = 12.6%; ICC = 0.86) were consistent. The 3D FMBV calculations had high reproducibility (ICC = 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 0.98). The 3D FMBV per-pig correlation showed excellent correlation for US machines from both vendors (mean r = 0.96 [range, 0.92-1.0] and 0.93 [range, 0.78-1.0], respectively). The correlation between 3D FMBV and perfusion measured with microspheres was high for both US machines (r = 0.80 [P < .001] and 0.70 [P < .001], respectively). Conclusion The strong correlation between three-dimensional (3D) fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) and fluorescent microspheres indicates that 3D FMBV shows excellent correlation to perfusion and good reproducibility. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Morrell et al in this issue.
