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Updated: Jan 6, 2026
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Published on: October 15, 2019
The influence of human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*15:01 and its interaction with smoking in MS development is dependent
Anna Karin Hedström1, Ola Hössjer2, Jan Hillert3
1Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background:
HLA-DRB1*15:01, absence of HLA-A*02:01, and smoking interact to increase multiple sclerosis (MS) risk.
Objective:
To analyze whether MS-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, apart from DRB1*15:01 and absence of A*02:01, interact with smoking in MS development, and to explore whether the established HLA-smoking interaction is affected by the DQA1*01:01 allele, which confers a protective effect only in the presence of DRB1*15:01.
Methods:
In two Swedish population-based case-control studies (5838 cases, 5412 controls), subjects with different genotypes and smoking habits were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals employing logistic regression. Interaction on the additive scale between different genotypes and smoking was evaluated.
Results:
The DRB1*08:01 allele interacted with smoking to increase MS risk. The interaction between DRB1*15:01 and both the absence of A*02:01 and smoking was confined to DQA1*01:01 negative subjects, whereas no interactions occurred among DQA1*01:01 positive subjects.
Conclusion:
Multifaceted interactions take place between different class II alleles and smoking in MS development. The influence of DRB1*15:01 and its interaction with the absence of A*02:01 and smoking is dependent on DQA1*01:01 status which may be due to differences in the responding T-cell repertoires.
