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Precision medicine in atopic diseases
Antonella Cianferoni1, Isabella Annesi-Maesano2
1Allergy and Immunology Division, Department of Pediatric, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Precision medicine offers tailored treatments for atopic diseases by identifying specific disease endotypes and phenotypes. This approach moves beyond one-size-fits-all guidelines, enabling more effective, individualized patient care.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Personalized Medicine
Background:
- Atopic diseases exhibit significant heterogeneity in severity, triggers, and inflammation.
- Current treatment guidelines often use a 'one-size-fits-all' approach, inadequately addressing individual patient variability.
- Recent advancements highlight distinct pathogenic pathways (endotypes) underlying atopic disease phenotypes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the current status and application of precision medicine in managing atopic diseases.
- To emphasize the need for individualized treatment strategies based on disease endotypes and phenotypes.
Main Methods:
- Review of accumulating data on atopic disease endotypes and phenotypes.
- Analysis of biomolecular individual characterization for disease classification.
- Classification of atopic diseases based on Th2 inflammatory status.
Main Results:
- Atopic diseases can be classified into high or low Th2 inflammatory profiles.
- Endotype and phenotype characterization allows for a more nuanced understanding of disease variability.
- Individualized treatment strategies are emerging based on specific pathogenic pathways.
Conclusions:
- Precision medicine is crucial for guiding individualized treatment in atopic diseases.
- Deep disease characterization is essential for effective management with targeted therapies.
- The availability of precise treatments necessitates a shift towards endotype- and phenotype-guided care.
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