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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)01:08

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a powerful analytical technique used in mass spectrometry. It enables the identification and characterization of various biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. MALDI is an ionization technique, widely employed in biological and medical research, as well as in fields like pharmacology and biochemistry.The analyte of interest, a biomolecule or a mixture of biomolecules, is mixed with a suitable matrix...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Van de Graaff Generator01:15

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Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
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Carbon multicharged ion generation from laser-spark ion source.

Md Mahmudur Rahman1, Oguzhan Balki1, Hani E Elsayed-Ali1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|October 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates a laser-assisted spark-discharge ion source for generating multicharged carbon ions. The combined technique enhances ion charge states up to C6+ and increases ion yield significantly compared to DC voltage methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Ion Source Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Generating multicharged ions is crucial for various applications, including materials processing and fundamental research.
  • Traditional methods often face limitations in achieving high charge states or ion yields.
  • Laser ablation and spark discharge are known plasma generation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and investigate a novel laser-assisted spark-discharge ion source for efficient generation of multicharged carbon ions.
  • To compare the performance of this hybrid ion source with conventional DC voltage methods.
  • To optimize parameters for maximizing ion charge state and yield.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for glassy carbon target ablation.
  • Initiating a spark discharge along the plasma plume's propagation direction.
  • Employing time-of-flight (TOF) and retarding field analyzers for ion detection and energy-to-charge ratio analysis.
  • Controlling laser-spark timing with a delay generator.

Main Results:

  • The laser-assisted spark-discharge method successfully generated carbon ions up to the C6+ charge state.
  • Coupling spark discharge (1.2 J) to the laser-induced plasma significantly increased plasma density and temperature.
  • The hybrid source increased the maximum ion charge state from C4+ to C6+ and boosted ion yield by approximately sixfold compared to DC voltage application.

Conclusions:

  • The laser-assisted spark-discharge ion source is an effective technique for producing high charge state carbon ions.
  • This hybrid approach offers a significant improvement in ion generation efficiency over conventional methods.
  • The findings pave the way for enhanced ion beam applications requiring high-flux, high-charge-state ions.